Dura attaches at which of the following combinations of landmarks?

• A. Foramen magnum, C2, C3, S2
• B. Foramen magnum, C1, C3, S2
• C. Foramen magnum, C2, C3, S1
• D. Foramen magnum, C2, C4, S2

Answer: (A)

Dura mater serves as a continuous membrane anchored at specific points along the craniosacral axis. In cranial osteopathy, the dural attachments are classically described at the foramen magnum, the upper cervical region around C2 and C3, and the end of the dural tube at the second sacral segment. These anchors help form the basis for evaluating and treating the cranial rhythmic impulse, as the cranial bones, spinal cord, and sacrum move in a linked pattern via tensions in the dura. Therefore, the combination that includes the foramen magnum, C2, C3, and S2 reflects the standard dural attachments. The other options include landmarks such as C1 or C4, which are not typically cited fixed dural attachments, or place the dural end at a sacral level other than S2, which is inconsistent with the known dural sac termination.